關雎
【詩經·周南】
關關雎鳩,在河之洲。窈窕淑女,君子好逑。
參差荇菜,左右流之。窈窕淑女,寤寐求之。
求之不得,寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉,輾轉反側。
參差荇菜,左右採之。窈窕淑女,琴瑟友之。
參差荇菜,左右芼之。窈窕淑女,鐘鼓樂之。
国乐壹号《关雎》 Music Video
作曲: 林海
演唱: 哈辉
对《关雎》诗意的理解
大众化的注释是诗人对河边采摘荇菜的美丽姑娘的恋歌。但在《诗经》的研究史上,人们对《关雎》诗义的理解却多有分歧。《毛诗序》认为,这首诗是赞美“后妃之德”的,以为女子只有忠贞贤淑、含蓄克制,才能够配得上王侯。请听李敬泽的一篇调侃佳作《鸟叫一两声》。
“钟鼓乐之”的“乐”的读音
各家说法不同,有说lè的,解释为敲击钟鼓使她欢乐。也有读yuè的作动词用,就是敲击钟鼓的意思。还有读yào的,理解为喜好。乐作动词,读Yào,去声(上古为长入,中古为去声,今可读去声)。
我喜欢读“yue”,通假字,通"悦"。即"使之快乐"的意思。但从和上一句「芼」押韵的角度来看,是否读「yào」更好?
《关雎》英译
《关雎》英译有多种。这是我比较喜欢的一种,是著名的汉学家理雅各(James Legge, 1815-1897, a noted Scottish sinologist)的译文。
關關雎鳩, Guan-guan go the ospreys,
在河之洲。 On the islet in the river.
窈窕淑女, The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady ---
君子好逑。 For our prince a good mate she.
參差荇菜, Here long, there short, is the duckweed,
左右流之。 To the left, to the right, borne about by the current.
窈窕淑女, The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady ---
寤寐求之。 Waking and sleeping , he sought her.
求之不得, He sought her and found her not,
寤寐思服。 And waking and sleeping he thought about her.
悠哉悠哉, Long he thought; oh! long and anxiously;
輾轉反側。 On his side, on his back, he turned, and back again
參差荇菜, Here long, there short, is the duckweed,
左右採之。 On the left, on the right, we gather it.
窈窕淑女, The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady ---
琴瑟友之。 With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome
參差荇菜, Here long, there short, is the duckweed,
左右芼之。 On the left, on the right, we cook and present it.
窈窕淑女, The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady ---
鐘鼓樂之。 With bells and drums let us show our delight in her.
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